a.
Language is sound or speech: written language
is only representation of the spoken language. Spoken language is more
important in language.
b.
Language has a meaning: differentiate between
the meaningful and unmeaningful sound.
c.
Language is linier: language comes in series.
We can produce different sound with the same time. Contoh: a yang diucapkan
terlebih dulu atau u yang diucapkan terlebih dulu, jadi tidak bisa diucapkan
secara bersama-sama.
Difference kinds of language:
· Aglutinative
language: memperhatikan urutan bahwa Subjek harus lebih dulu dari Verb.
· Inflectional
language: ada bahasa Rusia tidak pandang urutan. Contoh Subjek boleh diakhir
kalimat, Objek boleh di awal kalimat, Verb boleh di akhir kalimat.
Arab : a=objek; I=milik;
U=subjek (terdapat 3 kasus)
Rusia : 6 kasus
Inggris : Pronoun
d.
Language has rules: the rules are finite
(terbatas), they can produce infinite sentence to express different ideas.
Clausa sentence: unsur utama dalam
clausa itu ada satu Subjek and I verb finite.
It and there: tidak menyatakan yang sebenarnya (existence/ formal/
impersomal it/there).
e.
Language consists of unit
· Phonetic is
not part of linguistics
· Phonetic
describes all possible human sounds, tanpa memperhatikan makna.
· Phonology is
part of linguistics because in phonology, people study the sound in the certain
language assosiated the meaning.
· The units of
language: morpheme (morphology), word, phrase, clause, sentence (syntax), discourse.
· Sound:
phonology
f.
Language is universal
g.
Languages are different
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